Mechanism: Sanitation-cognition Gradient Is Steepest for Early-Life Exposure
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First (Age Zero) | Second (Age One) | Third (Age Two) | Fourth (Age Three) | Fifth (Age Four) | Sixth (Age Five) | |
| Panel A: Reading | ||||||
| TSC latrines per capita | 0.752* (0.339) | −0.189 (0.230) | 0.329 (0.235) | 0.0206 (0.176) | −0.203 (0.203) | −0.142 (0.227) |
| n (six-year-olds) | 47,684 | 47,684 | 47,684 | 47684 | 47684 | 47684 |
| Panel B: Math (numbers one to nine) | ||||||
| TSC latrines per capita | 0.754* (0.359) | −0.234 (0.209) | −0.00616 (0.255) | −0.236 (0.180) | 0.0271 (0.189) | 0.0546 (0.219) |
| n (six-year-olds) | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 |
| Panel C: Math (numbers ten to 99) | ||||||
| TSC latrines per capita | 0.897* (0.407) | 0.161 (0.246) | 0.138 (0.307) | 0.0888 −0.193 | 0.199 −0.234 | 0.0975 −0.228 |
| n (six-year-olds) | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 | 47,133 |
Notes: Standard errors clustered by districts in parentheses. Two-sided p-values:
† p < 0.10;
↵* p < 0.05;
** p < 0.01;
*** p < 0.001. The sample is the same set of six-year-olds used in Table 3. Within a panel, each column reports a separate regression where the sample and dependent variables are held constant and the TSC administrative data for the dependent variable is moved one year later. Each regression includes district and year fixed effects.