Table 7

Estimated Effect of Earning the More Positive Performance Label on College-Going Behavior at Different Cutoffs, by Bandwidth

OutcomeBandwidth
h*−2h*−1h*h* + 1h* + 2
Eighth grade Needs Improvement/Warning cutoff – all urban, low-income students:
    College attendance (h* = 3)——0.021~
(0.009)		0.023~
(0.012)		0.028~
(0.014)
Eighth grade Needs Improvement/Warning cutoff – urban, low-income students without four-year college plans:
    Express college plans (grade 10) (h* = 5)−0.007
(0.029)		0.028
(0.027)		0.040~
(0.021)		0.023
(0.023)		0.027
(0.021)
Eighth grade Proficient/Needs Improvement cutoff – all urban, low-income students:
    College attendance (h* = 7)−0.013
(0.030)		−0.001
(0.030)		0.004
(0.030)		0.001
(0.028)		0.003
(0.027)
Eighth grade Proficient/Needs Improvement cutoff – urban, low-income students without four-year college plans:
    Express college plans (grade 10) (h* = 8)0.109~
(0.051)		0.074
(0.058)		0.062
(0.051)		0.086~
(0.045)		0.085*
(0.039)
Eighth grade Advanced/Proficient cutoff – all urban, low-income students:
    College attendance (h* = 9)—−0.047
(0.024)		0.007
(0.035)		0.000
(0.026)		0.012
(0.027)
Eighth grade Advanced/Proficient cutoff – urban, low-income students without four-year college plans:
    Express college plans (grade 10) (h* = 8)0.1483
(0.076)		0.1513
(0.072)		0.1373
(0.071)		0.153*
(0.069)		0.123
(0.073)
Tenth grade Proficient/Needs Improvement cutoff – all urban, low-income students:
    College attendance (h* = 6)0.0313
(0.014)		0.023
(0.010)		0.008
(0.010)		−0.003
(0.012)		−0.003
(0.011)
Tenth grade Proficient/Needs Improvement cutoff – urban, low-income students without four-year college plans:
    College attendance (h* = 6)0.048
(0.043)		0.024
(0.035)		0.013
(0.032)		0.002
(0.032)		0.016
(0.030)
Tenth grade Advanced/Proficient cutoff – all urban, low-income students:
    College attendance (h* = 8)0.016
(0.021)		0.0433
(0.022)		0.051*
(0.020)		0.0383
(0.019)		0.030
(0.018)
Tenth grade Advanced/Proficient cutoff – urban, low-income students without four-year college plans:
    College attendance (h* = 8)0.057
(0.040)		0.097*
(0.037)		0.099**
(0.033)		0.061
(0.036)		0.074*
(0.030)

  • Notes:

  • ↵* p < 0.05;

  • ↵** p < 0.01;

  • *** p < 0.001. All inferences from two-tailed hypothesis tests. Estimated effects from a local linear regression-discontinuity model from Equation 1 using observations within one bandwidth on either side of the cutoff, with the following control predictors: student race, gender, whether the student was new to the state, was currently or formerly classified as limited English proficient or required special education, and the fixed effect of cohort.