Construction of Outcome Variables
| Table | Outcome | Cohorts | Data source/Survey question | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Academic achievement | 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982 | Achievement tests in Swedish and mathematics | Standardized average test score by cohort |
| Cognitive ability | 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982 | Tests for verbal and logical abilities | Standardized average test score by cohort | |
| 3 | Parents help child with homework | 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982 | Pupil question: “Does someone at home help you with homework or school work?” (Y/N for 1967 and 1972 cohorts) (times/week for 1977 and 1982 cohorts) | Dummy variable for receiving any help with homework |
| Pupil does homework (hours) | 1967, 1972 1977, 1982 | Pupil question: “How often do you do homework or other school work at home?” (times/week for 1967 cohort) (hours per week for other cohorts) | Number of hours/week spent on homework. The values for the 1967 cohort have been predicted from response on frequency of homework. | |
| 4 | Move from school district | 1972, 1977, 1982 | Administrative records on pupil mobility | Dummy variable for moving both school district and housing |
| 5 | Teacher thinks that it is important that pupils take responsibility for their own learning | 1982 | Teacher question: “How important is it that pupils take responsibility for their own learning?” (1–5) | Percentile ranked response divided by 100 |
| Pupil thinks it is easy to understand when the teacher explains in front of the class | 1967, 1972 | Pupil question: “Do you think it is hard to understand when the teacher explains in front of the class?” (Y/N) | Dummy variable for negative response | |
| Pupil asks the teacher for help if (s)he do not understand | 1967, 1972 | Pupil question: “Do you ask the teacher for help when you do not understand?” (Y/N) | Dummy variable for positive response |