Using millions of historical census records and modern birth certificates, we document that
immigrants assimilated into US society at similar rates in the past and present. We measure …

The recent digitization of complete count census data is an extraordinary opportunity for
social scientists to create large longitudinal datasets by linking individuals from one census to …

The authors compile large data sets from Norwegian and US historical censuses to study
return migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850–1913). Norwegian immigrants who …

The literature finds a high degree of economic mobility for men in the 19th century in comparison
to today. However, due to data limitations, changes in female economic mobility over …

Using data over more than a century, we show that shifts in the location of manufacturing
industries are a domestic reflection of what the international trade literature refers to as the …

During the age of mass migration (1850–1913), one of the largest migration episodes in
history, the United States maintained a nearly open border, allowing the study of migrant …

During the Age of Mass Migration (1850–1913), the United States maintained an open
border, absorbing 30 million European immigrants. Prior cross-sectional work finds that …

Using novel data on 50,000 Norwegian men, we study the effect of wealth on the probability
of internal or international migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850–1913), a time …

Using two million census records, we document cultural assimilation during the Age of Mass
Migration, a formative period in US history. Immigrants chose less foreign names for …

The nullification of slave wealth after the US Civil War (1861–1865) was one of the largest
episodes of wealth compression in history. We document that White Southern households that …