We document birth order differences in cognitive and noncognitive outcomes and maternal
behavior from birth to adolescence using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 …

This article investigates the link between position in the birth order and early scholastic
ability. Using matched mother–child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth …

First-born children tend to outperform their younger siblings on measures such as cognitive
exams, wages, educational attainment, and employment. Using a framework similar to …

Many studies show relationships between birth order and intelligence but use cross-
sectional designs or manifest other threats to internal validity. Multilevel analyses with a …

Previous research on birth order has consistently shown that later-borns have lower
educational attainment than first-borns; however, it is not known whether there are birth …

Birth order effects on intellectual performance show both positive and negative results. The
confluence model reconciles these conflicting data by proving that these effects interact with …

We examine the implications of being early in the birth order, and whether a pattern exists
within large families of falling then rising attainment with respect to birth order. Unlike other …

The idea that birth order influences intellectual development and social success has recently
been revived, despite the accumulated evidence that birth order effects are often negligible …

This article, using longitudinal data from the National Child Development Study, presents
new evidence on the effects of family size and birth order on test scores and behavioral …

Birth-order effects are posited by many to affect earnings and schooling. We show how such
effects can be interpreted to shift either the earnings possibility frontier for siblings or …