In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead pipes to distribute water.
Employing data from Massachusetts, this paper compares infant death rates in cities that …

This paper considers a largely unknown public-health practice in the United States: the use
of lead pipes to distribute household tap water. Municipalities first installed lead pipes during …

This paper examines the effect of waterborne lead exposure on infant mortality in American
cities over the period 1900 to 1920. Variation across cities in water acidity and the types of …

In the second half of the nineteenth century, many American cities built water systems using
lead or iron service pipes. Municipal water systems generated significant public health …

By the turn of the twentieth century, cities throughout the United States were using lead
service mains to distribute water. For example, in 1900 the nation's five largest cities—New …

" Troesken examines the health effects of lead exposure, analyzing cases from New York
City, Boston, and Glasgow and many smaller towns in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and …

Lead pipes for carrying drinking water were well recognized as a cause of lead poisoning by
the late 1800s in the United States. By the 1920s, many cities and towns were prohibiting or …

A major source of childhood lead poisoning, still a serious problem in the United States, is
paint. The dangers of lead were known even in the 19th century, and the particular dangers …

Previous estimates of childhood lead poisoning prevention benefits have quantified the
present value of some health benefits, but not the costs of lead paint hazard control or the …

In the middle of the 1970s, US health officials identified what some called a" silent epidem
ic." They were referring to childhood lead poi soning, a problem that is easily overlooked …